What languages Did Jesus Know ?
Netanyahu declared, “Jesus was here, in this land and He spoke Hebrew.” Francis broke in, correcting him. “Aramaic,” he said. Netanyahu quickly recovered, “He spoke Aramaic, but he knew Hebrew.”
Oddly enough, my Bible has Jesus speaking Greek, with an occasional Aramaic word or phrase pointed out. Jesus did not speak Aramaic with occasional Hebrew or Greek phrases pointed out to us. He mostly spoke Greek. We don’t know for sure what version of Isaiah Jesus publicly read aloud in the synagogue, but His spoken words align with the Greek version, not the Hebrew version. We don’t know of an Aramaic version of Isaiah. Jesus does not speak Aramaic, apart from several odd quotations, e.g. Mk. 5:41,8 7:34,15:34, Mt. 27:46. Jesus is almost always recorded in His public appearances speaking to His people in Greek. All four gospels were predominantly written in Greek. Along with the Septuagint, the early church gave us the whole cannon in Greek. Greek was the gospel explosion language. God prepared the world to hear the gospel before He sent His Son. Did His Son speak Aramaic even though all records of Him speaking are in Greek? Why does our record of Jesus’ words from the cross point out sentence in Aramaic if they were all in Aramaic?
Below is an excerpt that makes no sense. It assumes that Jesus usually spoke Aramaic by pointing out that Jesus rarely spoke Aramaic. It then assumes Jesus read Hebrew in the Synagogue even though what he read is given to us in Greek and matches the Greek version rater than the Hebrew version.
What Language Did Jesus Speak? – The HISTORY Channel
Jesus likely understood Hebrew, though his everyday life would have been conducted in Aramaic. Of the first four books of the New Testament, the Gospels of Matthew and Mark records Jesus using Aramaic terms and phrases, while in Luke 4:16, he was shown reading Hebrew from the Bible at a synagogue.Mar 30, 2020
While it is true that most of the Dead Sea scrolls are in Hebrew, with a few in Aramaic, a Greek version of all the books of the Torah was found among the scrolls. The Torah was clearly translated into Greek centuries before Jesus was born. The pre-Messiah Jews did not leave us a complete copy of the Torah in either Hebrew or Aramaic. The pre-cross Jews compiled a modern day Greek edition of the Torah scrolls, which was evidently what they read from in their synagogues. Jesus clearly quoted from their Greek edition of Isaiah.
Predominately Hebrew and Aramaic sections of the Torah were found among the Dead sea scrolls, but the Greek translation was the only complete version of the Torah found among the scrolls. The complete Torah in Hebrew wasn’t compiled until a thousand years after the Greek Septuagint. An Aramaic Torah wasn’t made until even later. Hebrew was the predominate language of the Torah before the second temple era. Aramaic accounted for only 269 verses out of over 23,000 verses. The second temple era was when 70 scholarly Jews gave their people a Greek Torah.
Jesus entered the synagogue in Nazareth and read from a scroll of Isaiah during the second temple era. Apparently, Jesus reads aloud in Greek. My Bible doesn’t tell me that Jesus was interpreting into Greek from a Hebrew or Aramaic copy of Isaiah. The 70 scholarly Jews had already interpreted the Torah into the modern language of the people. Jesus didn’t have to translate for the crowd. Evidently, the Isaiah scroll they handed to Jesus in the Nazareth synagogue was already written in Greek, because the Greek version leaves out the name of God twice in verse 18 and once in verse 19. The Hebrew version retains the name Yahweh. As far as we know, Jesus just read it as it was given to Him, without translation or omissions. He certainly didn’t omit “Yahweh” for fear of taking His Father’s Hebrew name in vain. He alone didn’t have that fear. The Spirit of Yahweh on Jesus is proof that God’s name was not taken in vain by His only begotten Son.
– Jesus was handed a scroll of Isaiah from which He read from 61:1-2
Luke 4:18-19 [Greek]
YLT 18 `The Spirit of the Lord is upon me, Because He did anoint me; To proclaim good news to the poor, Sent me to heal the broken of heart, To proclaim to captives deliverance, And to blind receiving of sight, To send away the bruised with deliverance, 19 To proclaim the acceptable year of the Lord.’
The scroll of Isaiah that Jesus was given in the synagogue of Nazareth was evidently the Septuagint version. Jesus did not omit His Father’s name for fear He was taking it in vain. The 70 Jewish translators omitted it.
Isaiah 61:1-2 [Greek version]
Brenton LXX 1 The Spirit of the Lord is upon me, because he has anointed me; he has sent me to preach glad tidings to the poor, to heal the broken in heart, to proclaim liberty to the captives, and recovery of sight to the blind; 2 to declare the acceptable year of the Lord, …
– If Jesus read from the Hebrew version of Isaiah then He Himself omitted His Father’s name from the text three times.
Isaiah 61:1-2 [Hebrew version]
CLV 1 The spirit of My Lord Yahweh is on Me, because Yahweh anoints Me to bear tidings to the humble. He sends Me to bind up the broken hearted, to herald to captives, liberty, and, to the blind, the unclosing of the eyes, and, to the bound, to take the jubilee, 2 to herald an acceptable year for Yahweh, and a day of vengeance for our Elohim. To comfort all mourners,
My Bible makes note that Jesus occasionally spoke Aramaic. Hebrew was spoken by the Hebrews before they left the land. Aramaic was the language the Jews adopted during the time of the Babylonian exile. Aramaic was becoming the lingua franca when the book of Daniel was written. That the Jews spoke Aramaic during their exile in Babylon is attested to by the book of Daniel. Daniel was written in both Hebrew and Aramaic, while most of the Torah was written in Hebrew. Jesus’ and His apostles’ words are written in Greek. Jesus was born when Greek was the most common language.
The sign Pilate wrote was in Hebrew, Greek and Roman, but not Aramaic. Pilate used the official language of the Jewish government, the common language of the day and the official language of the Roman government to convey his message to the public: Jesus the Nazarene is the King of the Jews. Pilate made a sign to the Jewish government (Hebrew), the crowd (Greek) and the Roman government (Latin). Greek was chronologically between Hebrew and Latin in church history.
John 19:19-20
YLT 19 And Pilate also wrote a title, and put it on the cross, and it was written, `Jesus the Nazarene, the king of the Jews;’ 20 this title, therefore, read many of the Jews, because the place was nigh to the city where Jesus was crucified, and it was having been written in Hebrew [heb-rah-is-tee’], in Greek [Hellēnisti] in Roman [Rhōmaisti].
Some translations wrongly say that Pilate wrote in Aramaic, Greek and Roman. The Greek word for Aramaic is Aramaos (Αραμαίος). The word used here is Hebraisti (Ἑβραϊστί), which is of course the word for Hebrew. In Isaiah chapter 36 Eliakim and Shebna and Joah call there language Judean, because Jews were the predominate tribe left in the land. I assume these 3 Jews were speaking Hebrew. It was certainly not Aramaic they called Jewish in Isaiah’s day.
Aramaic was the language of exile for the Jews. Hebrew was the first temple pre-exile language. Aramaic was the language of the Babylonians. In Jeremiah 10:11, the Hebrew speaking Jews are told to speak Aramaic to their Babylonian captors. Hebrew and Aramaic are obviously not the same. A clear distinction between Aramaic and Hebrew is also attested to by the cupbearers sent from the King of Assyria. They could speak both languages and they also knew the difference. We are told that Jesus spoke Aramaic on the cross. Jesus appropriately spoke the language of exile as His last old covenant words.
Isaiah 36:11
LITV 11 And Eliakim and Shebna and Joah said to the chief of the cupbearers, Please speak to your servants in Aramaic, for we hear. But do not speak to us in Judean, in the ears of the people on the wall.
When Jesus was born, Greek was still the most international language, because the Romans did not force their language on the kingdom like Alexander did, as attested to by history, by the Septuagint and by the Bible after Malachi, which was completed in Greek. Even college sororities dress like Romans who speak Greek. Most of the Dead Sea Scrolls were ancient Hebrew scrolls, not Greek or Aramaic, but the Hebrew and Aramaic scrolls were used by the literate Jews to compile a complete Greek edition of the Torah for their modern day use.
The original language of the Book of Daniel was written in both Aramaic and Hebrew. It was found among the ancient dead Sea Scrolls. Daniel chapter one contains the judgement of Jerusalem written in Hebrew. Chapters 2-7 contain the trials of the Jews in Babylon, written in Aramaic. Chapters 8-9 contain the final judgement that was prophesied to take place after returning to Jerusalem, written in native Hebrew. Again, Hebrew and Aramaic are two distinct languages. A completely Greek version of Daniel was also found among the scrolls. It was obviously the more modern language version.
A complete Hebrew version of the Torah (including Daniel) was finally compiled about the same time the church was split in 395. Latin became the official western Roman church language while Eastern Orthodox remained Greek. Before the church split, Greek was the predominate language of the entire Bible. While Latin was becoming the official Bible language for Romans, the complete Torah in a written form of Hebrew was also being compiled. The complete Greek Bible of Jesus’ day was being supplanted by the Masoretic Hebrew text and the Roman Latin text. What text did Jesus quote from?
The modern form of the Hebrew language as spoken today developed as part of a revival in the late 19th century and early 20th century. People calling themselves Jews didn’t start speaking this new-age German-sounding Hebrew until the late 19th century.
For centuries the church had naturally used the common Greek Septuagint version of the Torah along with the common Greek versions of the rest of the Bible. The printing press was invented during the Latin era. At about this same time we are also being presented the completed Masoretic version of the Torah, as compiled by the most self-proclaiming anti-christ people on the planet. Old covenant church wannabes were back and they were claiming title as God’s true people again. Faithfulness had nothing to do with it. Centuries after the faithful Jews followed their Messiah into their promised new covenant an unfaithful bunch was concentrating exclusively on completing a Hebrew version of the Torah. This bunch wanted nothing to do with the Greek version of the Jewish Bible. They wanted their pre-fall language back. They were saving themselves politically by filling in the gaps in their Hebrew Bible.
In the centuries that follow, the church becomes highly influenced by both of these movemants. Both Latin and Masoretic writings were widely publicized, largely due to the timing of the invention of the printing press. Most protestant translations today still follow the Masoretic text as given to us by unbelievers, rather than the Greek text as given to us by believers. All old covenant Jews believed the Messiah was arriving in the first century, until He did. The Masoretic text was given to us by a people self-assured, self-proclaimed and unfaithful to God’s Word. They themselves will tell you they don’t put their faith in Jesus (the first century Messiah they were expecting) but that we should trust them as the best unbelievers to faithfully protect and interpret God’s Word for faithful believers.
While protestants claim that Holy Spirit enablement ensured scriptural integrity, they will also trust a group of people who reject the Person who sent the Holy Spirit to the Jews. You protest too little. The Holy Spirit undoubtably enabled the faithful Jews to complete the entire inspired Bible in the first century, as Daniel said they would. The first century Holy Spirit enabled the Jews who were using the Septuagint to also give us the rest of the canon in Greek. We then trusted the unbelievers (unfaithful) to look back and second guess a ‘better’ rendition a thousand years later. This same bunch thinks their obsolete non-existent old covenant is going to be better for them than their new covenant promise.
Where is the Holy Spirit in that? The Septuagint was made before the Holy Spirit resurrection, before the Jews were born again into their new covenant of promise. The Septuagint was made by legitimate old covenant Jews, during their so-called silent years, after Malachi and before Matthew. This worldwide pre-evangelism era is largely ignored, as essential as it was for the Jewish-gospel great commission fulfillment. The common Greek language, along with Holy Spirit enablement, carried the Jewish gospel out of Jerusalem and into every nationality.
Acts chapter 2 really did happen without the printing press or the internet. The gospel was miraculously and instantaneously published from the faithful Jews by word of mouth, into to all the Jewish languages listed in Acts chapter 2. Some form of Hebrew was likely among the many languages being heard that morning. Pentecost was the great enabling event of the true Jewish church great commission. The gospel went to the Jews first but most of them were just visiting Jerusalem that day. They came from all the Gentile nations. The 12 tribes along with the 12 apostles were the great commissioners who were miraculously co-missioned by the Holy Spirit. The 12 tribes not only pre-evangelized the nations by teaching Moses in every city for centuries, they were the first to take the gospel back into the Gentile nations to the people they had long prepared to recognize it. The diaspora was used for good. The diaspora became the new testament network. The printing press and the internet were over a thousand and over two thousand years away, respectfully.
Scrolls were invented around 4000 BC and fell out of use around the 4th century when the codex took over. A codex was a book made of sheets of parchment, vellum or papyrus bound together. Parchment was made from the skin of animals, usually sheep or goats. Vellum was made from the skin of a calf, lamb, or young goat. Papyrus was made from the papyrus plant. The name codex comes from the era when Latin became the language of the day. Codex is Latin for ‘trunk of a tree’. We still use thin boards (cardboard) to bind paper pages in our modern hardcover version of a tree-book. Latin (Roman) was the lingua franca when the printing press was invented, hence Latin was the lingua franca of the educated classes in Europe for most of the Middle Ages and Renaissance. Today, English is the most common language of the world. Approximately 80 percent of English speakers today are non-native. Greek was the lingua franca when the church was born. Maybe that is why we were given the complete Bible in Greek. What would Jesus speak if He visited the world today? Would He speak the most common or one of the most uncommon languages?
Jesus may have known Hebrew. Paul certainly did. Obviously Hebrew was still being used in some capacity by the Jewish scholars who made the Septuagint, hundreds of years before Jesus was born. Paul was a scholar. They had to know both Hebrew and Greek, otherwise they couldn’t have interpreted their Hebrew scrolls into Greek scrolls. But evidence for colloquial first century Hebrew is rather scarce. We find a surprisingly small number of Hebrew inscriptions in Palestine. Jerusalem was rebuilt under Aramaic rule and then spiritually reborn when Greek was still the lingua franca. This linguistic fact is supported in that the Bible before and beyond Malachi was all transmitted to us in Greek. Our earliest documentation of Jesus’ words are in Greek. Jesus is recorded speaking as if speaking Greek with very occasional Aramaic. Where is the evidence that Jesus spoke fluent Hebrew?
Paul addressed the crowd with at least one sentence in Hebrew (Acts 21-22). Before that Paul was speaking Greek. By the way, what we call the new testament actually occurred during the Greek time of the old testament. The Bible was then completed by the Greek-speaking first-century Jews. They spoke and or wrote all of our scriptures before their Old Testament officially ended. Humanity inherited the entire Bible in Greek, which was the common language of the day of our Lord. How simple is that?
If Jesus visited Jerusalem today, would He speak a modernized Yiddish-sounding Aramaic/Hebrew or would Jesus choose to speak to a wider audience in English? The most common language of God’s chosen people today is modern English. If Jesus spoke ancient Hebrew today, none of His people could understand him. If He spoke modern Yiddish sounding Hebrew rather than ancient Hebrew, then maybe a few million people who specifically say they don’t want to hear from Him could somewhat understand Him, as far as they really do know ‘God’s modern language’. At Pentecost God wasn’t limited by all the diaspora dialects. God speaks all the languages of all the nations. People are naturally limited.
Modernized Hebrew is very different from ancient Hebrew and is very limited in use. It is spoken by maybe .0009 percent of today’s population. Today’s Hebrew was not just revived from antiquity. It was reformed. Hebrew today is a dialect mixed with German sounding Yiddish. This so called ‘Hebrew’ is the official religious language of a relatively few people today. Some linguists, such as Ghil’ad Zuckerman, believe that Yiddish is a primary contributor to Israeli Hebrew today because Yiddish was the mother tongue of the language revivalists (of the late 19th and early 20th century). Others believe Yiddish was entirely deleted and Hebrew today is miraculously pure. Netanyahoo conceded that the Jews used to speak Aramaic. Why he thinks it was still the colloquial language of the Jews in Jesus’ day I don’t know. Greek took the gospel to the world.
The faithful first century Hebrews were waiting for Jesus, as attested to by Hebrews chapter 9. These born again Hebrews had adopted many foreign languages, as attested to by Acts chapter 2. Jesus came to reverse their foreign language curses. On Pentecost, God spoke to them each in their own language, because Israel was no longer facing judgement in their new covenant life. confusion comes from judgment by foreigners. Jesus took Israel’s foreign tongue judgment as He died their old covenant death on the cross. some of His last words to His Father were in Aramaic. Aramaic was the language of Israel’s complete expulsion from the land. Jesus took Israel’s excommunication upon Himself.
Hebrews 9:23-28
CLV 23 It was necessary, then, for the examples, indeed, of that in the heavens to be cleansed with these, yet the celestial things themselves with better sacrifices than these.” 24 For Christ entered not into holy places made by hands, representations of the true, but into heaven itself, now to be disclosed to the face of God for our sakes.” 25 Nor yet is it that He may be offering Himself often, even as the chief priest is entering into the holies of holies year by year by the blood of others, 26 since then He must often be suffering from the disruption of the world, yet now, once, at the conclusion of the eons, for the repudiation of sin through His sacrifice, is He manifest.” 27 And, in as much as it is reserved to the men to be dying once, yet after this a judging, 28 thus Christ also, being offered once for the bearing of the sins of many, will be seen a second time, by those awaiting Him, apart from sin, for salvation, through faith.”
The official Latin-speaking church became infamously self-serving in their continued devotion to the Roman language, even after Latin was no longer the lingua franca. Learning a foreign language to aid in a better translation is a noble goal. But to ask everyone to repeatedly chant scripture or creeds in an unknown language is something else. The Corinthians who desired to speak in an unknown language to their own church members were called self-serving.
1 Corinthians 14:4-9
LITV 4 The one speaking in a tongue builds himself up, but he prophesying builds up a church. 5 And I wish all of you to speak in languages, but rather that you may prophesy. For the one prophesying is greater than the one speaking in tongues, unless he interpret that the church may receive building up. 6 But now, brothers, if I come to you speaking in tongues, what will I profit you, except I speak to you either in revelation, or in knowledge, or in prophecy, or in teaching? 7 Yet lifeless things giving a sound, whether flute or harp, if they do not give a distinction in the sound, how will it be known what is being piped or harped? 8 For also if a trumpet gives an uncertain sound, who will get himself ready for war? 9 So also you, if you do not give a clear word through the language, how will it be known what is being said? For you will be speaking into air.
Born again Paul was not concerned about which language was spoken, rather if God’s people understood it or not. In the flesh, Paul was a Benjamite wolf in sheep’s clothing. That ravenous wolf of the old covenant became faithful to the true meaning of the Torah in the new covenant. Only Jesus remained faithful to the Torah in the old covenant. Whether it was written in Greek or Hebrew, Jesus knew the true meaning.
Paul is recorded speaking Greek to the Roman officer in Jerusalem in Acts chapter 21. Paul is being accused of defiling the temple with Greeks and the crowd wants to kill him for it, so Paul addresses the crowd in Hebrew, to get their attention and prove he was an educated law-abiding Jew. It did get the crowd’s attention when he spoke to them in Hebrew. It was not ordinary. I don’t know if Paul just said a sentence or two in Hebrew to get their attention or if the whole crowd really understood Hebrew. They certainly recognized it.
New International Version
When they heard him speak to them in Aramaic [this word is the Greek word for Hebrew not the Greek word for Aramaic], they became very quiet. Then Paul said:
New Living Translation
When they heard him speaking in their own language [several words were added to the text in this translation, while the Greek word for Hebrew was left out], the silence was even greater.
English Standard Version
And when they heard that he was addressing them in the Hebrew language, they became even more quiet.
Ἑβραΐς
Hebrais
heb-rah-is’
From G1443; the Hebraistic (that is, Hebrew) or Jewish (Chaldee) language
KJV Usage: Hebrew.
Jesus uses Aramaic on the cross rather than Hebrew when quoting Psalm 22. The Aramaic word sabachthani is not found in any early Jewish texts because it is Aramaic not Hebrew. Why would Jesus use a foreign language when forsaken on the cross? Foreign language indicates judgment from God. Under judgment, Jesus addresses “My God” rather than “My Father”. Jesus’ last words confirm His fate. Jesus took their judgment upon Himself so they could call on God Abba Father rather than Yahweh. Jesus called on Abba Father in the garden before He took the fall of Adam upon Himself. He died covenantally and physically and so went to overcome Hades for His people. To the Jews, Aramaic was the language of death and judgment. The Hebrew name Yahweh was the name they feared to even say aloud, while Abba Father (Aramaic/Greek) meant endearment. Abba is Aramaic for father and patēr is Greek for Father.
Mark 15:34 And at the ninth hour Jesus cried with a loud voice, saying, Eloi, Eloi, lama sabachthani? which is, being interpreted, My God, my God, why hast thou forsaken me?
Matthew 27:46 And the ninth hour Jesus cried with a loud voice, saying, Eli, Eli, lama sabachthani? that is to say, My God, my God, why hast thou forsaken me?
Only one Aramaic verse is spoken by Jeremiah. It also indicates judgement. The Jews are about to speak to their captors in Aramaic. They were about to be taken captive by a people who speak Aramaic as their common language. The Hebrews were instructed by Jeremiah to speak to their captors in Aramaic.
Jesus from the cross is also being removed from the old covenant land. He is taking the Jews’ judgement from them. Jesus takes their covenant death upon Himself when He speaks some of His last words in the language of Babylon. He addresses His Father as if He were a foreigner or a Jew under exile. The Jews certainly knew the one Aramaic verse spoken by Jeremiah, but they knew Psalm 22 in Hebrew and Greek not Aramaic. Unless they heard the Aramaic version in Babylon.
Jeremiah 10:11 – The only Aramaic verse in Jeremiah
LITV 11 So you shall say to them, [say to those Aramaic speaking Babylonians] The gods who have not made the heavens and the earth, they shall perish from the earth and from under these heavens.
Jesus speaks Aramaic to His God rather than His captors. Jesus dies as if He is in old covenant exile in Babylon and He asks, “why?” because He is being faithful, even the thief on the cross saw that.
In their promised fulfillment, the first century Jews had a choice: either follow their faithful Messiah into salvation or perish with the gods of the nations – John 3:16. Pentecost was a reversal of the curse of foreign languages.
Below is an unreasonable article from The History Channel that just doesn’t make much sense and it assumes a lot. Just because Jesus spoke Aramaic in Mark 15:34 doesn’t mean He always spoke Aramaic. In fact, it means He rarely spoke Aramaic. My thoughts are contained between the square brackets. […]
https://www.history.com/news/jesus-spoke-language
Jesus Was Likely Multilingual
Most religious scholars and historians agree with Pope Francis that the historical Jesus principally spoke a Galilean dialect of Aramaic. Through trade, invasions and conquest, the Aramaic language had spread far afield by the 7th century B.C. and would become the lingua franca in much of the Middle East.
In the first century A.D., it would have been the most commonly used language among ordinary Jewish people, as opposed to the religious elite, and the most likely to have been used among Jesus and his disciples in their daily lives. [yet Jesus is specifically quoted using Aramaic very rarely]
But Netanyahu was technically correct as well. Hebrew, which is from the same linguistic family as Aramaic, was also in common use in Jesus’ day [Define common use. Jesus very rarely used it according to my Bible]. Similar to Latin today, Hebrew was the chosen language for religious scholars and the holy scriptures, including the Bible.
Jesus likely understood Hebrew, though his everyday life would have been conducted in Aramaic [my Bible has Jesus speaking Greek every day with some rare Aramaic]. Of the first four books of the New Testament, the Gospels of Matthew and Mark records Jesus using Aramaic terms and phrases, while in Luke 4:16, he was shown reading Hebrew from the Bible at a synagogue [my Bible has Jesus reading Isaiah in Greek not Hebrew. The words He said match the Septuagint version of Isaiah not the Hebrew version].
Alexander the Great Brought Greek to Mesopotamia
In addition to Aramaic and Hebrew, Greek and Latin were also common in Jesus’ time. After Alexander the Great’s conquest of Mesopotamia and the rest of the Persian Empire in the fourth century B.C., Greek supplanted other tongues as the official language in much of the region. In the first century A.D., Judea was part of the eastern Roman Empire, which embraced Greek as its lingua franca and reserved Latin for legal and military matters. [So does this author think the most common language in Judea was Greek or Aramaic?]
As Jonathan Katz, a Classics lecturer at Oxford University, told BBC News, Jesus probably didn’t know more than a few words in Latin. He probably knew more Greek, but it was not a common language among the people he spoke to regularly, and he was likely not too proficient [Just stated as a fact with little or no evidence]. He definitely did not speak Arabic, another Semitic language that did not arrive in Palestine until after the first century A.D.
So while Jesus’ most common spoken language was Aramaic [my Bible records Jesus commonly speaking Greek to the Jews and most uncommonly speaking Aramaic], he was familiar with—if not fluent, or even proficient in—three or four different tongues. As with many multilingual people, which one he spoke probably depended on the context of his words, as well as the audience he was speaking to at the time [give us some examples Jesus changing languages to suit His audience].
Some Aramaic words found among the Greek words:
“’Talitha kum,’ which translates as, ‘Little girl, I say to you, get up.’”
“And looking up to heaven, He sighed and said to him, “Ephphatha,” which is ‘be opened’.”
And there are more, like Abba (Mark 14:36) or Golgotha (Matthew 27:33).
Some Hebrew words found among the Greek words:
Mammon is used, which is Hebrew for “money.”
Corban is used, which is “gift of God” in Hebrew.
Levonah is used, which is the Hebrew word for “frankincense.”
These along with a few other Hebrew words like:
Rabbi (Matthew 23:7,0); Beelzebub (Luke 11:15) Satan (Luke 10:18); Raca (Matthew 5:22); and amen.
These examples prove the opposite of what some people claim. They prove that Greek was Jesus’ common language and Aramaic and Hebrew were not only distinct languages but also rarely used languages.
Jewish languages became as mixed as their DNA. People who claim at least some Jewish descent need to be unborn to become pure in their own flesh and blood. Or they need to be reborn like anyone else to become truly biblical Jews.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jewish languages are the various languages and dialects that developed in Jewish communities in the diaspora. The original Jewish language is Hebrew, supplanted as the primary vernacular by Aramaic following the Babylonian exile. Jewish languages feature a syncretism of Hebrew and Judeo-Aramaic with the languages of the local non-Jewish population.
Yiddish was the language spoken by the largest number of Jews in the 1850s, but today the three most commonly spoken languages among Jews are English, modern Hebrew, and Russian—in that order. Yiddish is a German dialect which integrates many languages, including German, Hebrew, Aramaic, and various Slavic and Romance languages.
The common feature between the Jewish languages is the presence of Hebrew and Judeo-Aramaic lexical components, stemming from the shared use of these languages in writing and liturgy. Many Jewish languages also display phonological, morphological, and syntactic features distinct from their non-Jewish counterparts. Most written Jewish languages are Hebraized, meaning they use a modified version of the Hebrew alphabet. These languages, unless they already have an accepted name (i.e. Yiddish, Ladino), are prefixed with “Judeo” (e.g. Judeo-Italian, Judeo-Arabic, Judeo-Persian, Judeo-Aramaic, Judeo-Marathi, Judeo-Malayalam, etc).[8] Bukharan Jews spoke Bukhori, a dialect of Tajik and Mountain Jews spoke Judeo-Tat.
In the early 20th century, secularism among Jews and large population shifts prompted the beginning of a shift from Jewish to non-Jewish languages. Even so, the majority of Jews in Eurasia and Africa, and many immigrants in North America and Palestine, still spoke Jewish languages. However, the Holocaust brought about a significant drop in the use of Jewish languages, especially Yiddish although it has now[when?] begun to become more prevalent.
What the One True Jew says trumps all. He personally put the Benjamite Paul on His true Jewish track. Paul was off the path that led to the renewed covenant. He was on the path to suppress the new covenant alongside the unfaithful Jews. Maybe we today shouldn’t fall for the teachings of the modern day populations who claim to be the “true Jews”. Even Holy Spirit filled Jews aren’t writing scripture anymore. The Holy Spirit enabled Jews finished their Bible in the first century. Just as Daniel (mostly written in Babylonian Aramaic) said they would.
Romans 2:28-29
YLT 28 For he is not a Jew who is so outwardly, neither is circumcision that which is outward in flesh; 29 but a Jew is he who is so inwardly, and circumcision is of the heart, in spirit, not in letter, of which the praise is not of men, but of God.
Romans 2:28-29
ECB 28 For he is not a Yah Hudiy, manifestly; nor circumcision in the flesh, manifestly: 29 But he is a Yah Hudiy, in the secrets; and circumcision is of heart – in spirit and not in scribing; whose halal is not of humanity, but of Elohim.
Romans 2:28-29
JMNT 28 for you see, the Jew is not the one in the visibly apparent or outwardly manifest (or: For not he in the outward appearance is a Jew), neither [is] circumcision that [which is] visibly apparent (outwardly manifest) in flesh (= in body), 29 but rather, a Jew [is] the one within the hidden [place] (or: [that which is] in the concealed [realm]) and circumcision [is] of [the] heart (= core of our being) – in union with Breath-effect (or: within [the] spirit; in attitude), not in letter – whose praise (applause; full recommendation; [note play on words: Jew is a derivative of “Judah,” which means “praise”]) [is] not from out of mankind (humanity), but rather from out of God.
Septuagint means 70 or LXX named so because 70 scholarly Jewish elders were appointed to the task of making their Greek translation of the Torah. The Jews took the gospel to all God’s chosen people in the most common language of the day. If everyone most commonly spoke Aramaic during the transition years then why did they make a Greek version of the Torah? Evidently they were using the Septuagint in their synagogues, which were in every city. The nations had come to know Aramaic under King Nebuchadnezzar and then Greek under King Alexander. What we call the new covenant was not ex nihilo. The new covenant transitioned out of the old in fulfillment of God’s promises. God laid out His plan to Daniel in Aramaic because it was the common language of his day, in Babylon. God fulfilled His plan in King Jesus in Greek because it was the common language of the Day of the Lord during the Roman Empire era.
Meaning of Numbers: The Number 70
Seventy has a sacred meaning in Scripture that is made up of the factors of two perfect numbers, seven (representing perfection) and ten (representing completeness and God’s law). As such, it symbolizes perfect spiritual order carried out with all power. It can also represent a period of judgment.
Seventy (70) elders were appointed by Moses (Numbers 11:16). After reading the covenant God gave him to read to the people, Moses took 70 elders, along with Aaron and his sons, up Mount Sinai to have a special meal with God himself (Exodus 24:9 – 11)!
Ancient Israel spent a total number of 70 years in captivity in Babylon (Jeremiah 29:10). Seventy is also specially connected with Jerusalem. The city kept 70 years of Sabbaths while Judah was in Babylonian captivity (Jeremiah 25:11). Seventy sevens (490 years) were determined upon Jerusalem for it to complete its transgressions, to make an end for sins and for everlasting righteousness to enter into it (Daniel 9:24).
https://www.biblestudy.org/bibleref/meaning-of-numbers-in-bible/70.html
Did everlasting righteousness enter into Jerusalem and die there to create a new covenant that never ends? Is the new covenant still kept incorruptible by the new firstborn? Didn’t Jesus take the place of the old fallen man on the cross? Jesus spoke Aramaic on the cross as if He were in Babylon speaking to His captors of a final judgement, yet He questions His Father like the martyrs under the alter.
Is Jesus still the unfallen firstborn of the new covenant today? Will He ever fall or vacate his place? Will there be another resurrection so all God’s chosen people can join Him in the new covenant next time? Was Jewish Nicodemus right to imagine a new flesh birth rather than a spirit realm birth? Does Nicodemus still need a flesh rebirth to see the kingdom or live to the age? I think the Holy Spirit birth on Pentecost enabled the Jews to see the kingdom and live to the age. It also enabled the 12 tribes to cross all their language barriers with the gospel.